69 articles - From Friday Feb 17 2023 to Friday Feb 24 2023
Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…
| Pancreatology |
Diagnostic accuracy of the AGA, IAP, and European guidelines for detecting advanced neoplasia in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm/neoplasia. The European and IAP guidelines are clearly superior in detecting advanced neoplasia in IPMN as compared to the AGA, albeit at the cost of a higher rate of unnecessary surgery. To harmonize care and to avoid confusion caused by conflicting statements, a global evidence-based guideline for PCN in collaboration with the various guidelines groups is required once the current guidelines require an update. |
meta-analyses and systematic reviews
| Am J Clin Nutr |
Galactomannans are the most effective soluble dietary fibers in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Galactomannans were the most effective dietary fiber for reducing the levels of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study was registered at PROSPERO as ID CRD42021282984. |
| Pancreatology |
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy and methodology of the 13C mixed triglyceride breath test for the evaluation of pancreatic function. There is yet to emerge a clear standard of breath test methodology that is validated for al causes of PEI and suitable for routine use. The accuracy of the 13 C MTGT for diagnosing PEI is encouraging when compared to other measures. We present a suggested set protocol based on the current literature and identify areas that need further, high quality evidence. With refinement, the 13 C MTGT could become a valuable, non-invasive PEI diagnostic tool that could be used outside of specialist centres. |
RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…
| Am J Clin Nutr |
Age-dependent associations of human milk oligosaccharides with body size and composition up to 4 years of age. Milk HMO composition at 6 weeks postpartum is associated with several measures of anthropometry up to 6 months of age in a potentially secretor status-specific manner, with largely different HMOs associating with anthropometry from 12 months to 4 years of age. |
Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and dietary markers with depression and anxiety: Post hoc analysis of the ENGAGE-2 pilot trial. Gut microbial metabolites and systemic inflammation may be biomarkers of importance within the MGBA, linking dietary markers, such as animal protein intake, to depression and anxiety for individuals with comorbid obesity. These findings are exploratory and warrant replication. |
Changes in dietary intake, food tolerance, hedonic hunger, binge eating problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy compared with after gastric bypass; 1-year results from the Oseberg study-a randomized controlled trial. The 1-y changes in dietary intakes of fiber and protein after both surgical procedures, but particularly after SG, were unfavorable with regard to current dietary guidelines. For clinical practice, our findings suggest that health care providers and patients should focus on sufficient intakes of protein, fiber, and vitamin and mineral supplementation after both SG and RYGB. |
Chronic consumption of probiotics, oats, and apples has differential effects on postprandial bile acid profile and cardiometabolic disease risk markers compared with an isocaloric control (cornflakes): a randomized trial. These results support beneficial effects of apples and oats on postprandial glycemia and the ability of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri to modulate postprandial plasma bile acid profiles compared with control (cornflakes), with no relationship evident between circulating bile acids and cardiometabolic health biomarkers. |
Consistent and changing consumption of fast-food and full-service meals and 3-year weight change in a large population cohort study. Decreased consumption of fast-food and full-service meals over 3 y, particularly among high consumers at baseline, was associated with weight loss and may be an effective approach to weight loss. Moreover, decreasing both fast-food and full-service meal consumption was associated with a greater weight loss than decreasing only fast-food meal consumption. |
Consumption of ultraprocessed food and development of chronic kidney disease: the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health and UK Biobank Cohort Studies. Our finding indicated that higher UPF consumption is associated with a higher risk of CKD. Moreover, restricting UPF consumption may potentially benefit the prevention of CKD. Further clinical trials are required to clarify the causality. |
Dietary Contributions of Food Outlets by Urbanization Level in the US Population 2 Years and Older, NHANES 2013-2018. Grocery stores and restaurants were the largest contributors of energy intake in urban and rural areas. Diet quality improved with increasing urbanization overall and for grocery stores and quick-service restaurants. |
Dietary diversity and frailty among older Chinese people: evidence from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. A higher DDS was associated with a lower risk of frailty among older Chinese adults. This study highlights the importance of a diverse diet as a potential modifiable behavioral factor for preventing frailty in older Chinese adults. |
Early life gut microbiota profiles linked to synbiotic formula effects: a randomized clinical trial in European infants. The synbiotic intervention influenced fecal microbiota and milieu parameters at an early age depending on the overall microbiota profiles of the infants, sharing few similarities with breastfed infants. |
Effect of a complex lifestyle intervention to optimize metabolic health among females of reproductive age in urban Uganda, a randomized controlled trial. Secondary outcomes included optimization of cardiometabolic health, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable intake. Intention to treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models. |
Effect of unsaturated fat and protein intake on liver fat in people at risk of unhealthy aging: 1-year results of a randomized controlled trial. Diets enriched with protein and UFAs have beneficial long-term effects on liver fat and lipid metabolism in adherent older subjects. This study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00010049. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX; xx xx-xx. |
Effects of relaxation therapy on maternal psychological status and infant growth following late preterm and early-term delivery: a randomized controlled trial. The relaxation meditation tape is a simple, effective practical tool that could easily be used in clinical settings to support breastfeeding mothers after LP and ET delivery. The findings need confirmation in larger groups and in other populations. |
Enhanced secretion of satiety-promoting gut hormones in healthy humans after consumption of white bread enriched with cellular chickpea flour: A randomized crossover study. The novel use of intact chickpea cells to replace refined flours in a white bread stimulates an anorexigenic gut hormone response and has potential to improve dietary strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03994276. |
Evidence for the carbohydrate-insulin model in a reanalysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial. As predicted by the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, weight loss in both diet groups of DIETFITS seems to have been driven by the reduction of GL more so than dietary fat or calories, an effect that may be most pronounced among those with high insulin secretion. These findings should be interpreted cautiously in view of the exploratory nature of this study. |
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating vitamin D outcomes among individuals of African ancestry. Our results were in line with previous studies conducted in European-ancestry populations, showing that GC, the gene that directly encodes for VDBP, would be important for VDBP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. The current study extends our knowledge of the genetics of vitamin D in diverse populations. |
Human fasting modulates macrophage function and upregulates multiple bioactive metabolites that extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans: a pilot clinical study. The results of this study reveal multiple functionalities and immunological pathways affected by PF in humans, identify candidates for the development of fasting mimetic compounds, and uncover targets for investigation in longevity research. |
Impact of a farmers' market healthy food subsidy on the diet quality of adults with low incomes in British Columbia, Canada: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. The FMNCP did not significantly improve diet quality among adults with low incomes over the study period. Further research is needed to explore whether higher subsidy amounts or a longer intervention period is needed to meaningfully improve diet quality among adults with low incomes. |
Liver glycogen stores via 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy children: randomized, controlled study. After overnight fasting, [LGly] decreased by 22.9 (25.1)%, and [LGly] incremental net area under the curve over 4 h was higher after subsequent consumption of 15.5 g and 31 g carbohydrates, compared to water. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX; xx xx-xx. |
Mixed meal tolerance testing highlights in diabetes altered branched-chain ketoacid metabolism and pathways associated with all-cause mortality. BCKA levels remained elevated after an MMTT among participants with diabetes, suggesting that BCKA catabolism may be a key dysregulated process in the interaction of BCAA and diabetes. Metabolites with different kinetics after an MMTT may be markers of dysmetabolism and associated with increased mortality in self-identified African Americans. |
Monitoring Body Composition Change for Intervention Studies with Advancing 3D Optical Imaging Technology in Comparison to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. As compared to DXA, 3DO was highly sensitive in detecting body shape changes over time. The 3DO method was sensitive enough to detect even small changes in body composition during intervention studies. The safety and accessibility of 3DO allows users to self-monitor on a frequent basis throughout interventions. Clinical trials number Shape Up! Adults (NCT03637855, and Body Fat Accumulation A Mechanistic Feeding Study (NCT03394664, Exercise and Low-Intensity Physical Activity Breaks in Sedentary Time to Improve Muscle and Cardiometabolic Health (NCT03771417, Restricted Eating on Weight Loss (NCT03393195, of Testosterone Undecanoate for Optimizing Performance During Military Operations (NCT04120363, |
Phenome-wide association study of genetically predicted B vitamins and homocysteine biomarkers with multiple health and disease outcomes: analysis of the UK Biobank. This study provides strong evidence for the associations of B vitamins and homocysteine with endocrine/metabolic and genitourinary disorders. |
Postdiagnostic intake of a more proinflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of recurrence and all-cause mortality in colorectal cancer survivors. A more proinflammatory diet was associated with a higher risk of recurrence and all-cause mortality in CRC survivors. Further intervention studies should investigate whether a switch to a more anti-inflammatory diet improves CRC prognosis. |
Prognostic value of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Higher plasma PAGln, IS, DCA, TML, and TMAO levels are independently associated with MACEs suggesting that these metabolites may be useful markers for prognosis in patients with STEMI. |
Regulation of iron absorption in infants. Our findings suggest that the regulatory pathways of iron absorption are intact in infancy. In infants, iron absorption begins to increase at threshold ferritin and hepcidin values of ~46 µg/L and ~3 nmol/L, respectively, similar to adult values. |
Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of nutritional rickets - a multivariable re-analysis of a case-control study. Results confirmed theoretical models that in children with low dietary intake of calcium, serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D are higher in children with rickets than in children without rickets. The difference in 1,25(OH)2D levels is consistent with the hypothesis that children with rickets have lower serum calcium concentrations which prompt elevation of parathyroid hormone levels resulting in an elevation of 1,25(OH)2D levels. These results support the need for additional studies to identify dietary and environmental risks for nutritional rickets. |
Smartphone prediction of skeletal muscle mass: model development and validation in adults. Smartphone image capture capabilities combined with device software applications can now provide accurate renditions of the adult muscularity phenotype outside of specialized laboratory facilities. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; x:xx. |
Specific botanical groups of fruit and vegetable consumption and liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality: a prospective cohort study. Higher intakes of total vegetables, especially lettuce and cruciferous vegetables, were associated with lower liver cancer risk. Higher intakes of lettuce, sweet potatoes, cruciferous vegetables, legumes, and carrots were associated with a lower risk of CLD mortality. |
Tailored text messages to improve breastfeeding practices in Yangon, Myanmar: the M528 individually randomized controlled trial. Regular, targeted text messages delivered to urban pregnant women and mothers via mobile phones significantly improve breastfeeding practices and reduce infant morbidity during the first 6 mo of life. |
Vitamin D supplementation and hospitalization for infection in older adults: A post-hoc analysis of data from the Australian D-Health Trial. We did not find a protective effect of vitamin D on hospitalization for infection, but it reduced the number of extended hospitalizations. In populations where few people are vitamin D deficient, the effect of population-wide supplementation is likely to be small, but these findings support previous studies suggesting that vitamin D plays a role in infectious disease. The D-Health Trial is registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12613000743763. |
| Inflamm Bowel Dis |
Automatized Detection of Crohn's Disease in Intestinal Ultrasound Using Convolutional Neural Network. We developed a machine-learning module based on a pretrained convolutional neural network that is highly accurate in the recognition of bowel wall thickening on intestinal ultrasound images in Crohn's disease. Incorporation of convolutional neural network to IUS may facilitate the use of IUS by inexperienced operators and allow automatized detection of bowel inflammation and standardization of IUS imaging interpretation. |
Black Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Have Lower Response to Antitumor Necrosis Factor Agents Compared With White Patients. Black IBD patients on anti-TNF agents had a significantly higher prevalence of active disease and more IBD-related hospitalizations than White patients. |
Efficacy and Tolerance of Thalidomide in Patients With Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Thalidomide is an effective and tolerated treatment in children with VEOIBD. Discontinuation due to lack of efficacy is more frequent, but AEs are less common than in children with pIBD. |
The Incidence of Pouch Neoplasia Following Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The incidence of pouch neoplasia in IBD patients who have undergone IPAA is relatively low. Extensive colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and backwash ileitis prior to IPAA and rectal dysplasia at the time of IPAA raise the risk of pouch neoplasia significantly. A limited surveillance program might be appropriate for patients with IPAA even with a history of colorectal neoplasia. |
| J Crohns Colitis |
Artificial Intelligence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Endoscopy: Implications for Clinical Trials. Site-based artificial intelligence quality evaluation and inclusion of patients in clinical trials without the need for a central reader is proposed; for following patient progress, a second reading using AI alongside a central reader with expedited reading is proposed. Artificial intelligence will support precision endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease and is on the threshold of advancing inflammatory bowel disease clinical trial recruitment. |
Combined Histologic and Endoscopic Endpoints at Post-induction Lack Additional Prognostic Value Compared to Endoscopic Improvement Alone in Ulcerative Colitis: A Post-hoc Analysis of the VARSITY study. In this post-hoc analysis, at post-induction, HEMI did not demonstrate additional prognostic value in predicting one-year outcomes over EI. However, HEMI was associated with lower clinical disease activity at post-induction and at one-year compared to endoscopic or histologic outcomes in isolation. |
Development and validation of a remote monitoring tool for assessment of mild, moderate, and severe infections in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The PRIQ is a valid and accurate remote monitoring tool to assess infections in IBD patients, providing means to personalise medicine based on adequate benefit-risk assessments. |
Hocus Pocus: The Role Of Handheld Ultrasonography In Predicting Disease Extension And Endoscopic Activity In Ulcerative Colitis. Handheld intestinal ultrasound and IUS are comparable in UC extension definition and MUC evaluation. HHIUS could be reliable for detecting disease activity and estimating its extension, providing close monitoring. It also represents a non-invasive, easily practicable investigation, allowing immediate medical decisions with significant time and cost advantages. |
Microbial-Immune Crosstalk in Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unchartered Territory. Our review postulates the roles of systemic and mucosal immunosenescence, inflammaging, and a dysbiotic microbial ecosystem in the pathophysiology of elderly-onset IBD. Ultimately, a better understanding of elderly-onset IBD can lead to improved patient outcomes and the tailoring of future preventative and treatment strategies. |
Recruitment and residence of intestinal T cells - lessons for therapy in IBD. Finally, trafficking inhibitors may give rise to effects beyond the intended response, such as the impact of vedolizumab on innate immunity, as well as on target side effects. With significant research efforts into predictive biomarkers already underway, it is ultimately hoped that a better understanding of trafficking and residence will help us predict which patients are most likely to respond to inhibition of leukocyte trafficking, and how best to combine therapies. |
TNF We demonstrate that the TNF |
| Liver Transpl |
Active coping, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and psychiatric symptoms among early and late liver transplant survivors. Factors associated with positive psychological traits were identified. Understanding determinants of LT survivorship has important implications for how we should monitor and support LT survivors. |
Active coping, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and psychiatric symptoms among early and late liver transplant survivors. In a heterogeneous cohort including early and late LT survivors, there was variation in levels of PTG, resilience, anxiety, and depression at different survivorship stage. Factors associated with positive psychological traits were identified. Understanding determinants of LT survivorship has important implications for how we should monitor and support LT survivors. |
Biliary complications following split liver transplantation in adult recipients: a matched pair analysis on single-center experience. In conclusion, SLT increases the risk of biliary leakage compared with WLT. Biliary leakage can still lead to fatal infection and thus should be managed appropriately in SLT. |
Biliary complications following split liver transplantation in adult recipients: a matched pair analysis on single-center experience. In conclusion, SLT increases the risk of BL compared to WLT. BL can still lead to fatal infection and thus should be managed appropriately in SLT. |
Efficacy and safety of adhesion barrier in living-donor liver transplantation with right liver graft to prevent delayed gastric emptying. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative complications between the 2 groups. The application of an adhesion barrier could be a safe and feasible method to reduce the incidence of postoperative DGE in living-donor liver transplantation. |
The prognostic impact of acute kidney injury recovery patterns in critically ill patients with cirrhosis. AKI no-recovery occurs in over half of critically ill patients with cirrhosis and AKI and is associated with worse survival. Interventions that facilitate AKI recovery may improve outcomes in this patient population. |
The prognostic impact of acute kidney injury recovery patterns in critically Ill patients with cirrhosis. AKI no-recovery occurs in over half of critically ill patients with cirrhosis and AKI and is associated with worse survival. Interventions that facilitate AKI-recovery may improve outcomes in this patient population. |
| Pancreatology |
Clinical impact of lactate on postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A single-center retrospective study of 1,043 patients. Hyperlactatemia with negative lactate clearance after PD, one of the high-risk surgeries requiring postoperative ICU care, is a risk factor for CR-POPF. In case of immediately postoperative hyperlactatemia after PD, lactate clearance with serial lactate level follow-up can be used for achieving the hemodynamic goal to prevent CR-POPF. |
Mouse model of PRSS1 p.R122H-related hereditary pancreatitis highlights context-dependent effect of autolysis-site mutation. The findings support the notion that the pathogenic effect of the PRSS1 p. R122H mutation in hereditary pancreatitis is dependent on its ability to defuse chymotrypsin-dependent defenses. |
Prognostic impact of osteosarcopenia in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel. Osteosarcopenia was associated with poor survival in metastatic PC treated with first-line GnP. Screening for osteosarcopenia may be helpful for better management of metastatic PC. |
Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link
| Am J Clin Nutr |
Re-examination of the estimated average requirement for carbohydrate intake during pregnancy: Addition of placental glucose consumption. A potential new EAR of 171 g/d accounts for maternal (100 g) and fetal (35 g) brain, and now placental glucose utilization (36 g), and with extrapolation to meet the needs of nearly al healthy pregnant women, would result in a modified RDA of 220 g/d. Lower and upper safety thresholds for carbohydrate intake remain to be determined, of importance as preexisting and gestational diabetes continue to rise globally, and nutrition therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. |
| Inflamm Bowel Dis |
misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…
| Am J Clin Nutr |
| Inflamm Bowel Dis |
| J Crohns Colitis |
| Liver Transpl |